鄭鎭孫と「直說通略」(下)

Abstract

The style in the Zhi-shuo tong-lüe spontaneously reminds readers of the existence of Chinese History written in Mongolian. In fact, when Qa'an, prince, or Qans, sons of the nobility learned Chinese history, they used Mongolian version of the Zi-zhi tong-jian 資治通鑑 as textbook. From around 1300, under the rule of Dai-on yeke mongγol ulus, historical books began to be published actively, with which readers could compactly look out on from the beginning of the world to Song dynasty and Jin dynasty. Similarly, under the rule of Hülegü ulus, Jāmi' al Tawārīkh (collection of Histories) written in Persian were edited with Prime Minister Rashīd al-Dīn as leader. The second part of the book describes histories of countries except Mongolia, and one of them is Tārīkh-i Khit● (History of China). The Zhi-shuo tong-lüe was also edited in such international trend of the times. According to the preface written in Zheng zhen-sun himself, the Zhi-shuo tong-lüe is mainly the extraction of sentences in the Zi-zhi tong-jian. Besides, by using various books such as the Wai-ji 外紀, he reasoned what remote ages had been, and appended that to the fore part and the records of Song, Liao, and Jin dynasty to the hind. As a matter of fact, he used the Ji-gu Lu 稽古錄 as well as the Zi-zhi tong-jian, and after the description of each era, he invariably quote Su-ma guang's 司馬光 comment on successive emperors. With reference to Liao period, the Qi-dan-guo zhi 契丹國志 was used besides the Zi-zhi tong-jian. With regard to Song and Jin period, to my surprise, they are almost consistent with the Shi-ba-shi-lüe 十八史略. As for description of other periods, the Shi-ba-shi-lüe also had a great influence on them. Two facts characterize the Zhi-shuo tong-lüe. First, its format is anadote stories of successive emperors and peoples around them. Second, description of nomadic tribes is far more than former Chinese History. Judging from its contents, there is every possibility that the Zhi-shuo tong-lüe was used for educating Qa'an and the Crown Princes. On the other hand, the Zhi-shuo tong-lüe have many description which bears strong resemblance to the scripts of ping-hua and za-ju 雜劇 in the same period. There is room for reexamining the publication of ping-hua textbook. Anyway, it is certain that the Zhi-shuo tong-lüe will become a precious material in the field of literature, linguistics, and history. It is desirable that the Zhi-shuo tong-lüe is published in just the state as it was by organs which own it.