謝靈運の山居 : <居>の文學(二)

Abstract

Xie Lingyun's Shanju fu 山居賦 is the great fu text which succeed to Pan Yue 潘岳's Xianju fu 閑居賦, on whose features and its importance in Chinese medieval literature I explained in my former essay : The literature of Ju --a view point for Shanshui 山水/Yinyi 隱逸 literature of Six dynasties (Journal of Chinese Literature, vol. XLII). These two fu, however, are very contrastive in an essential point. While Pan Yue's Xianju is modestly settled near the capital and its fu praises the virtue of the empire, Xie Lingyun's Shanju is constructed disregarding the capital and its fu declares own superiority over the capital in beauty and magnificence. Shanju fu is a successor of Jingdu fu 京都賦, but on the other hand an usurper of it. Shanju fu is noted in detail by author himself, and his self-notes which narrate the topography of his Shanju according to his walking is contrastive to the body text which describes picturesquely the beauty of it. We must pay attention to the fact that his notes are very effective to combine the beauty of his Shanju into the real topography of it, and so Shanju fu attains being the greatest masterpiece in Shanshui literature. In addition, Xie Lingyun's poems written on his Shanju, whose titles frequently mention author's geographical position, unify these elements: picturesque beauty and real topography. Xie Lingyun tried to realize his ideal world by making full use of his literary skill, and he succeeded in it.