漢三國西晉時代の紀年鏡 : 作鏡者からみた神獸鏡の系譜

Abstract

Chinese bronze mirrors are highly appreciated by Chinese and Japanese archaeologists, for they are particularly useful for chronological studies. Aside from the actual design, inscriptions can be found on a great many mirrors from the Han, through the Three Kingdoms, to the Western Jin Dynasties. I organized the Research Project on Chinese Mirror Inscriptions to make a safe interpretation of all the inscriptions known so far, and to investigate the dated mirror inscriptions of Shen-shou 神獸 mirrors from the second century to the third century in particular. Based on the analysis of the style, I divide Shen-shou mirrors roughly into four periods. In the first period, Guan-han 廣漢 school founded in Sichuan, created Shen-shou mirrors with ring-like nipples in the second century. In the second period, Zhang-shi Yuangong 張氏元公 working at Wu-jun 吳郡 and Xiang-fang 盖方 began to imitate the Shen-shou mirror of Guan-han school in 180s, and broke up into three types of Shen-shou mirror with the unidirectional, the contrapositional and the stratified arrangements in 190s. At the same time, Family Shi 示氏produced the Shen-shou mirror with the stratified arrangement dated from 196 A. D. to 205 A. D.. In the third period, Kuai-ji 會稽 school founded about 215 A. D. in Zhejiang, imitated the three types of Shen-shou mirrors in the second period, but there are plenty of noteworthy aspects to the inscriptions mentioned with a date of casting and its sign of the Chinese sexagenary cycle, Gan-zhi 干支. In the fourth period, Wu and Kuai-ji school mainly produced Shen-shou mirrors with the contrapositional arrangement, and after Sun Quan 孫權's death in 252 A. D. Wu Emperor enhanced the national prestage in the mirror inscriptions to celebrate for the first year of the imperial era such as Huang-wu 黃武, Huang-long 黃龍 and Jia-xing 嘉興 which was the lost name of the imperial era to commemorate the Prince Sun He 孫和.