キリマンジャロにおける農林畜複合経営と材木ビジネスの実態 -私的価値と社会的価値を重ねる森林再生への道筋-

Abstract

The agrosilvicultural (agroforestry) farming system in Mt. Kilimanjaro, with coffee production as a major sector, has been designed to make efficient use of narrow farming land in mountainous terrains. It is a case of land sharing between trees and crops. Interestingly, farmers in Mt. Kilimanjaro intend to achieve cost savings (economies of scope, synergy effect) not through temporal sharing (double cropping, relay cropping) or horizontal space sharing (inter cropping), but through vertical space sharing. The agrosilvopastral farming system, which combines agroforestry and livestock raising, helps maintain soil fertility and reproduction within the management entity by means of integrated farming with livestock. It also promotes income growth (cost reduction→profit maximization) through the intensive use of family labor and selfsupply. Firstly, this paper aims to clarify the advantages mentioned above of the agrosilvopastral compound farming system in Mt. Kilimanjaro. However, this attractive forest conservation farming system is gradually failing as a result of the change in the income source from coffee sales to maize and timber sales. Such conversion practices urged by the 2001-02 coffee crisis and forestry business boom, are the main causes of this deforestation. Secondly, the paper aims to discuss the need for crossovers between private value (cost reduction→profit maximization) and social value (forest conservation) around the agrosilvopastral farming system for forest restoration, and place the coffee products for forest preservation (Rainforest Alliance coffee etc.) as a key tool for the crossovers.