<論文>植民地における近代的統治に関する社会学 : 後藤新平の台湾統治をめぐって

Abstract

Taiwan ceded to Japan after the Sino-Japanese War was under Japanese rule for half a century (1895-1945). It was so abrupt for Japanese statesmen to acquire the territory from a foreign government in less than thirty years after the Meiji Restoration. Japanese government, therefore, didn't have prepared any fundamental policy for this first colony in advance. This situation was differ from the cases of the European colonial rules which had been began after the progress of the propagation, the commerce and the industries, and so on. It was one of the distinctive features for Japanese colonial government to have no experience beforehand, however, there was another distinctive one. It was the difficulty of application of the binary shame, civilization-savage on the relation of the dominate-subordinate. It was difficult to rule the Chinese culture area, especially for Japan which have been influenced by this culture area. This article starts to investigate these situations in Taiwan under the rule of Japanese empire based on the ambiguity of Japan, that is, Japan was superior to Taiwan in military power and western material civilization, but was inferior in Confucian spiritual culture. It was difficult for Japan to get dignity as the governing state on that situation. Shinpei Goto, the secretary of civil government in Taiwan decided on colonial policies and leaded to build the effective governmental system for Japan in this complicated relationship. He carried out various policies, for example, the spread of medical knowledge and hygienics, the building of infrastructure, the educational administration, and the large scale investigation like census, etc. These policies produced good result for the Japanese colonial rule. The property of this government is the infiltration of state apparatus throughout Taiwanese everyday life. This government forms the bio-power that disciplines the people, and turns out them to the subjected individuals.