<論文>逸脱行為の生成に関わる諸要因 : 統合理論を求めて

Abstract

Three main theories of "becoming deviant" are social structure approach, social process approach and actor approach, and each paying attention to different aspects of a generative mechanism of deviance. These frameworks have proposed a diverse set of explanatory models, incorporating factors that are not only social, economic and cultural variables but also individual personality such as criminality, and social interactions among individuals. Borrowing insights from these past studies, I propose a comprehensive theory of deviance. In so doing, social world perspective is useful to integrate them and to explain the mechanisms of becoming deviant. The social world perspective invites us to pay close attention to three research questions. First, we must examine the ways in which actors assign positive meanings to the supposedly "deviant" behaviors and understand the role that social interactions play in such a process. Second, we shall examine the institutions and assess the degree to which such institutions hold legitimacy as the organizing social activities. Third, we shall probe the effectiveness of various forms of social control, including self-control, informal control, and formal control. My theory posits that in the nexus of these three questions lies a perspective for an integrative understanding of deviant behaviors. In this paper, I apply this social world perspective to better understand the corporate deviance. Corporate deviance is committed primarily as the consequence of their rational choice in their pursuit of corporate profit; however, the attitudes of others, which are supposed to impose some restrains on deviant actions, are those of corporate insiders. They never take the attitudes of generalized others in social world. Behind the corporate deviance lies the system of competition. Individuals committing corporate deviance are often considered as victims of the system and thus offenders are treated with sympathy and their offences tended to be tolerated. In such a tolerant social world corporate deviance thrives unless formal and informal controls are well coordinated.