<研究ノート>E . F. フレイジアの逸脱論

Abstract

This paper seeks to reveal E.F. Frazier's theory of deviance. Though Frazier's works are rarely found in recent criminological theory texts, Frazier, as some researchers have mentioned, made many significant contributions to criminology and to sociology in general. Frazier, who was an African-American sociologist, was trained at the University of Chicago at the time of its "Golden Age." Under the influence of prominent teachers he was trained in the Chicago School of Sociology, and received a doctoral degree in Sociology at the University of Chicago in 1931. The Negro Family in Chicago is based on his doctoral dissertation. Frazier used ecological analysis and personal documents, which are two methodological tools of the early Chicago School, to study the "Negro" Family. We have found that Frazier's theory of deviance contain the perspectives of social disorganization, social psychology, and social learning of deviance. Regarding social organization, we examine deteriorate areas, mobility, and loss of parental control. As for his social psychology, we examine the meanings of life, personality, and rationalization. In the perspective of social leaning of deviance, we examine the pattern of deviance, the gang, the influence of parents, and reading materials. These perspectives are traditions of the Chicago School. Though some of the methods Frazier applied seem a bit naive by the standards of modern sociology, Frazier's theories of deviance contain many significant sociological resources. Following the sociological attitude of R.E. Park, Frazier studied the "Negro" Family not from a "social problems" approach, but from a "sociological" approach, which presents a scientific and fruitful analysis. Recognizing that a systematic study of the Negro family did not exist, he tried to give authentic information on Negro life.