都市近郊におけるたけのこ生産の経営転換と存続要因 : 京都府乙訓地方を事例として

Abstract

京都府乙訓地方はたけのこの産地として有名であるが, 高度経済成長期以降, 都市化, 他産地の台頭など産地を取り巻く環境は一変した.本研究は当地方のたけのこ生産が外部環境の変化にどのように対応し, 産地として存続してきたのかを明らかにすることを目的とする.現地での聞き取り調査によって経営の変遷を把握するとともに, 特に現在の経営についてアンケート調査を行い, クラスター分析法を用いた経営の類型化, 属性平均値の算出と回帰分析による各類型の特性抽出を行った.その結果, 当地方のたけのこ生産の歴史は「産地形成期」「産地縮小期」「経営転換期」の3期に分かれることがわかった.また現在の経営体は販売先を軸として「市場型」「直売型」「自家消費型」に分かれ, 各類型は経営規模, 収量, 農業従事者数, 土壌・立地条件の面で違いがみられた.産地の存続要因として, 土壌・立地条件が有利であること, 高品質たけのこ専門生産に特化したこと, 機械化・組織化が生産者の労働負担を軽減し, 農業を主業としない家庭がたけのこ生産を継続しやすい環境を整えたこと, 直売ルートの確立により流通の短絡化が実現したことが明らかになった.

The Otokuni district in Kyoto Prefecture is well known for typical bamboo shoot cultivation area. Through an era of high economic growth in Japan, the management style of Otokuni's cultivation has had to be responded by the changes of its social environment, development of urbanization, and the inroads of bamboo shoots from other districts. This paper shows how Otokuni district has reacted to those changes as a typical bamboo shoot cultivation area and explains why bamboo shoot production could be well sustained to the present. The information for this research was obtained through interviews and questionnaires to producers in the district. As the result, the history of bamboo shoot cultivation in Otokuni district could be divided into three periods, i.e., "the formative period", "the scale-down period", and "the period of change in management style". Present bamboo shoot producers could be divided into three groups i.e., : "the auction type", "the direct transaction type", and "the self-consumption type". Each group differs with the aspect of management scale, yield, number of cultivation labors, soil conditions, and location. The main reasons why bamboo shoot production in this district has been successfully sustained are : (i) discrimination from other district's products by producing high quality bamboo shoots, (ii) mechanization in hard cultivation methods and organization of labor system, that has led to the reduction of bamboo shoot production works and to make regulating the environment for non full-time producers to enable the cultivation of high quality bamboo shoots, and (iii) the establishment of a simplified distribution system that has led to earn greater profits for producers.