都市内の小地域特性を考慮した交通身体活動量の経年変化とその要因分析

Abstract

本研究では, 全国PT調査データを基に個人の移動時の身体活動量を算出した上で, 1, 716の都市内小地域を対象に整備したデータベースを用い, 都市内における空間的な位置や公共交通整備状況, 商業特性等の小地域特性と, 年齢や自動車利用環境等の個人属性の両側面から, それらが交通身体活動量に及ぼす影響を分析した. その結果, 中心市街地に属する小地域では, 徒歩や自転車の移動が多く, 経年的な活動量の減少幅も小さい一方で, 郊外市街地では商業や公共交通の整備状況によって, 特に高齢者の交通身体活動量に顕著な差がみられること, また, 交通行動と密接に関連する個人属性と比較しても, 小地域特性が交通身体活動量に与える影響が十分に大きく, 鉄道駅の近接性及び運行頻度と交通身体活動量との因果関係が近年特に強くなっていることを明らかにした.

Though many researches have already indicated that physical activity such as walking is important to reduce the risk of disease related lifestyle. Especially in Europe and the United States, the built environment is recognized as key factors in promoting physical activity. However it is not quantitatively clear that the relation between them. In this study, we analyzed the relation between the built environment of residential zoning scale and physical activity levels by the analysis using the data of 40 cities from 1987 to 2005. We made it clear that the higher convenience of public transportation and commercial in a residential area is, the higher the physical activity levels is regardless of the location in the city. We also clarified that the characteristics of the residential zone are important factors to increase physical activity levels compared with personal attributes from the causal structural model. As well as the population density, in recent years, the accessibility to railway stations and bus stops and the frequency of the public transportation services had even more significant associations with physical activity levels of individuals.