1910年代における朝鮮総督府の国境警備政策

Abstract

朝鮮総督府は，韓国併合当初から中国との陸接国境地域の治安を重要課題と見ていた。間島 地域では，総督府から憲兵と朝鮮人警察官を派遣・駐在させていた。在間島領事館の要請で憲 兵を治安維持のために派遣する場合もあった。他方，鴨緑江岸では，総督府の憲兵・警察官は 常駐しておらず，現地領事館との連携の度合いは小さかった。 とはいえ，基本的な行動の枠組みは両地域とも共通していた。憲兵による対岸地域の内偵や 組織的調査，憲兵・守備隊による対岸への出動と警察活動・軍事行動といった点である。総督 府・朝鮮憲兵隊は，豆満江岸(間島)・鴨緑江岸の両地域を一体の国境警備問題として認識して いた。 このような認識のもと，総督府は，1910 年代後半以降，国境警備体制の刷新に着手した。 1916 年秋，寺内正毅総督は，朝鮮軍守備勤務規定の改訂を通じて，対岸への憲兵・守備隊の越 境派遣体制を整備した。さらに翌年秋以降には古海厳潮朝鮮憲兵隊司令官・長谷川好道総督が 対岸に憲兵を常駐させる構想を打ちだす一方で，間島領事館に総督府から大量の警察官を送りこんだ。 1910年代は，20年代のように国境対岸からの武装抗日運動勢力による朝鮮内侵攻が現実的な 脅威となってはいない。しかし，国境対岸地域に対して直接的な警察力を行使しようとする総 督府の志向は，早くもこの時期に確認することができ，それは具体的な活動や構想として展開 していたのである。

From the time of Korea's annexation in 1910, the Japanese Government-General in Korea saw public security in the area near the border with China as a significant issue. In the Jiandao region, for example, Japanese military police and Korean police officers were dispatched and stationed by the Japanese Government-General, and there were also cases in which military police were sent to maintain public security at the request of the Japanese consulate in Jiandao. On the other hand, on the China-side of the Yalu River, where Government-General military police and regular police officers were not permanently stationed, the degree of cooperation between the Japanese Government-General in Korea with local Japanese consulates was small. Even so, the framework of basic police activity in both regions was similar when it came to matters of local reconnaissance, organizational investigation, and security operations by military police and garrison forces. The Japanese Government-General and Japanese military police in Korea understood the Tumen and Yalu river regions to be two parts of a single border security problem. Based upon this sort of understanding, the Government-General began to reform the border security system in that region during the late 1910s. In the autumn of 1916, Governor-General Terauchi Masatake crafted a system for the border-crossing dispatch of Japanese military police and security forces in Korea by revising the security work regulations of the Japanese garrison army in Korea. In addition, from autumn of the following year, Commander Furumi Izushio of the Japanese military police in Korea and Japanese Governor-General in Korea Hasegawa Yoshimichi settled on the plan to permanently station military police forces in Jiandao, while sending a large number of Government-General police officers to the Japanese consulate in that region. During the 1910s the fear that armed anti-Japanese resistance activity across the border might destabilize Japanese rule within the Korean peninsula was not yet as real as it would be during the 1920s. The aim of the Japanese Government-General to administer police authority directly in the border region, however, was already evident in this early period, and that intention took concrete shape through various actions and plans.