植民地・勢力圏における「帝国臣民」の在留禁止処分 : ｢清国及朝鮮国在留帝国臣民取締法」を中心に

Abstract

1883年，在釜山日本居留民の騒動をきっかけに成立した在留禁止制度は，「安寧妨害」「風俗壊乱」の人物を，領事の判断により退去させることができる行政処分として，領事館警察の居 留民取締の強力な手段として機能した。最初，清韓両国における日本人が対象になっていた在 留禁止制度は，日本帝国の膨張に伴い，その適用対象を「新附の臣民」である台湾人や朝鮮人 にまで拡大していく一方，新たに日本の植民地・勢力圏に編入された地域では，外地法の形式 で大同小異な内容を構成し，法制そのものが帝国全域に拡張していくことになった。その結果， 日本帝国全体に亘る，人の移動・居住に対する統制システムが成立するに至ったのである。こ のような帝国法制の連鎖は，「居留地的属人法」が「内地法」から「外地法」へと拡張していく 過程を克明に表すと共に，帝国の領域・人民支配における「内」と「外」の重層性を示す事例 として注目に値する。

Created in Pusan in 1883 in response to the disruptive actions of Japanese residents there, legislation for residential prohibition, as an administrative measure allowing consular police to expel from concession zones people deemed dangerous to public peace and public morality, functioned as a powerful took for consular police control over local residents. These regulations first applied to Japanese residents in Korea and China, but as the Japanese empire expanded and new territories came under Japanese control and influence (such as Taiwan, the Kwantung leased territory, the Qingdao occupied area, and Micronesia (Nan'yō), Taiwanese and Koreans who had become new imperial subjects of Japan also fell under such regulations, as more or less identical legal laws were adopted throughout the empire. As a result, the empire-wide system for the control of residence and movement by imperial subjects was established. This linkage of imperial legal regulations illustrates both the process by which laws concerning residential control of subjects were expanded from the mainland to overseas territories, as well as a multidimensional understanding of 'inside' and 'outside' within the context of imperial territory and the control of people residing in it.