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タイトル: | Diversity and evolution of pollinator rewards and protection by Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae) bracteoles |
著者: | Yamasaki, Eri Kawakita, Atsushi ![]() Sakai, Shoko ![]() |
著者名の別形: | 川北, 篤 酒井, 章子 |
キーワード: | Ant-plants Euphorbiaceae Extrafloral nectary Hemipteran pollination Macaranga Thrips pollination |
発行日: | 16-May-2015 |
出版者: | Springer International Publishing |
誌名: | Evolutionary Ecology |
巻: | 29 |
号: | 3 |
開始ページ: | 379 |
終了ページ: | 390 |
抄録: | Flowering plants have modified their floral organs in remarkably diverse ways to optimize their interaction with pollinators. Although floral organs represent a major source of floral diversity, many plants also use extrafloral organs, such as bracts and bracteoles, in interacting with pollinators; however, the evolutionary dynamics of non-floral organs involved in pollination are poorly studied. The genus Macaranga is characterized by protective mutualisms with ants that potentially interfere with pollinators on flowers. Macaranga flowers lack perianths and, notably, bracteoles serve the dual function of rewarding pollinators and protecting them from guarding ants; in one group of species, bracteoles provide a nectar reward to generalist pollinators, while in another group, bracteole “chambers” protect thrips or hemipteran pollinators that use these structures as feeding and breeding sites. We examined the diversity and evolutionary dynamics of inflorescence morphology in Macaranga, focusing on bracteoles. We recognized three inflorescence types based on examination of herbarium materials: Discoid-gland, which possess disc-shaped glands on the bracteole surfaces (including all the generalist-pollinated species); Enclosing, in which bracteoles cover flowers (including all the thrips- and hemipteran-pollinated species); and Inconspicuous, in which bracteoles are small, narrow or absent. Ancestral state reconstruction indicated that inflorescence morphologies have changed multiple times in the genus. These findings suggest that morphological changes in non-floral characters (bracteoles) of Macaranga species have occurred as frequently as in the floral structures of many flowering plants. The multiple evolutions of the Enclosing bracteoles, which protect pollinators, might have been facilitated by pollination interference from mutualistic ants. |
著作権等: | The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10682-014-9750-7. The full-text file will be made open to the public on 16 May 2016 in accordance with publisher's 'Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving'. この論文は出版社版でありません。引用の際には出版社版をご確認ご利用ください。 This is not the published version. Please cite only the published version. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/2433/200785 |
DOI(出版社版): | 10.1007/s10682-014-9750-7 |
出現コレクション: | 学術雑誌掲載論文等 |
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