<論考>ヨルダンにおけるイスラーム的慈善と即応的対応力 : 都市アンマン・バドル地区の草の根的慈善組織の事例から

Abstract

Islamic charity is widely known as an embedded system in Islam such as the institutions of Waqf and Zakāt, which are currently nationalized in most of the Islamic countries. This article focuses on a local grassroots charitable organization in the Badr area in Amman, Jordan. Jordan is one of the top host countries for Syrian refugees. The current refugee issue is obviously not new in the realm of global politics. It has been observed that throughout human history, the issue has occupied an important place in the contemporary international agenda. Jordan has been on the front line of the refugee issue, and the situation seems to be continuing. Most of the refugees get out of internationally managed refugee camps and start to reside in urban spaces. In urban spaces, international assistance and help is limited, while there are numbers of small local grassroots organizations that take important roles in building refugees’ a sustainable environment. In a close look at the capital city, Amman, this article examines how these local organizations work and what kind of features they have. The research site, the Badr area, has a vast related history with refugees from Palestine. There are five main local grassroots charitable organizations and it has the largest Zakāt committee in Jordan. This charitable work is largely recognized by the charity workers as their (Muslim’s) recommended duty in Islam and the workers expect a reward (ajru) from Allāh. Most of the organizations are engaged in food and material assistance, and at the same time guarantee housing for the needy. These local organizations flexibly respond in urban settings to the needs of refugees in protracted situations, which the author calls “prompt response capability.”