<論考>民主化したインドネシアにおけるトランスジェンダーの組織化と政治化、そのポジティブなパラドックス

Abstract

The transgender group called waria in the Indonesian language was politically active nationally during the direct presidential campaign in 2014. It was the first national political movement for waria. Waria in major cities enthusiastically supported the presidential candidate, Joko Widodo (Jokowi) partly because some waria leaders thought Jokowi was a pro-poor and communicative candidate and his pluralist standpoint could benefit the waria, one of the most marginalized groups in Indonesia. The widely opened political space under the democratic regime enabled the rise of warias’ political activism. The waria was the most politically active group among the LGBT, partly because their grouping and organizing pattern is hierarchical under one leader called mami. Mami could rather easily mobilize the members of her own group or organization for political purposes. This undemocratic character of waria groups and organizations (and the national networks among them) paradoxically enabled the nationwide political support for Jokowi in a democratic election.