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dc.contributor.authorOdera, Patroba Acholaen
dc.contributor.authorFukuda, Yoichien
dc.contributor.alternative福田, 洋一ja
dc.date.accessioned2016-05-20T01:55:15Z-
dc.date.available2016-05-20T01:55:15Z-
dc.date.issued2015-08-21-
dc.identifier.issn1880-5981-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2433/212450-
dc.description.abstractOne of the most important applications of a geoid model is a recovery of orthometric heights from ellipsoidal heights (normally obtained from GNSS). The application of the geoid model for recovering orthometric heights from ellipsoidal heights is normally achieved by fitting the geoid model to a local vertical datum. The fitting procedure is usually accomplished by least squares collocation (LSC), using planar or spherical covariance functions. This procedure warps the gravimetric geoid model onto the local vertical datum, hence the local geoid model derived by this procedure, though convenient for local applications, it is not an equipotential surface. We propose offsets method for practical orthometric height recovery from a geoid model. The proposed procedure is more realistic because it does not constrain the local geoid to be coincident to the local vertical datum. We compare the performance of plannar fitting and offsets methods over Japan using a cross-validation procedure. Results show that offsets method performs better than the normally used planar fitting in the recovery of orthometric heights from ellipsoidal heights using a geoid model. The standard deviations of the differences between established and converted orthometric heights at randomly selected GPS/levelling test points over Japan are ±4 and ±3 cm for planar fitting and offsets methods, respectively. The offsets method is therefore more appropriate for converting ellipsoidal heights to orthometric heights than the planar fitting in the area of study.en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf-
dc.language.isoeng-
dc.publisherSpringerOpenen
dc.rights© 2015 Odera and Fukuda. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.en
dc.subjectEllipsoidal heighten
dc.subjectGeoid modelen
dc.subjectKrigingen
dc.subjectLeast squares collocationen
dc.subjectOffsets methoden
dc.subjectOrthometric heighten
dc.subjectPlanar fittingen
dc.titleRecovery of orthometric heights from ellipsoidal heights using offsets method over Japanen
dc.typejournal article-
dc.type.niitypeJournal Article-
dc.identifier.jtitleEarth, Planets and Spaceen
dc.identifier.volume67-
dc.relation.doi10.1186/s40623-015-0306-z-
dc.textversionpublisher-
dc.identifier.artnum134-
dcterms.accessRightsopen access-
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