「道徳」の特設をめぐる議論 : その特徴と社会的背景

Abstract

本研究では, 1950年の天野貞祐文部大臣による修身科復活論から1958年の「道徳」の特設にいたるまでの, 1950年代における徳育教科の設置をめぐる賛否両論を分析し, その共通した特徴として, 修身科復活への反対と全面主義道徳教育への擁護が挙げられることを指摘した. そして, このような議論が登場した背景には, 予どものしつけをしようとする国民の道徳教育の要求と国民の愛国心を涵養しようとする政府の道徳教育の要求が共に高まり, しかも双方ともそれを学校教育に求めた点で一致したことを明らかにした. そして, これらの道徳教育の要求によって, 道徳教科の設置を求める機運が高まり, 「道徳」が設置されたことを明らかにした.

This paper provides a detailed analysis of the arguments about the implementation of Dotoku (Moral Education) in the school curriculum in the 1950s. It covers the period from 1950 when the Education Minister Teiyu Amuno proposed restoration of Shushin (Ethic Education in the prewar period), to 1958 when Dotoku was set up as a subject in the postwar elementary schools. It first points out that arguments both for and against the implementation of Dotoku were characterized by their opposition to restoration of Shushin and support for moral education as primary periods among all the educational activities where moral education is administered. Next this paper probes into the background of the demand for moral education : the general public hoped for child discipline on their part, while the government aimed at cultivating patriotic feelings, and both expected school education to serve their purpose. That, this paper concludes, called for the setting up of the subject of moral education in the school curriculum, and finally led to its implementation.