Heterogeneous-surface-mediated crystallization control

Abstract

The crystallization of matter at interfaces has long been a significant issue in science and technology, but surface-directed crystallization with controlled kinetics remains a matter of challenge. Here, we demonstrate a conceptual novel mechanism to steer liquid?solid phase transformation at interfaces by tailoring the chemical and structural inhomogeneity of a glass substrate through self-limited nanocrystallization of the glassy phase. Importantly, this approach enables large-scale development of metastable crystallization products, such as nanowire membranes. The thorough studies of the intermediate stages of crystallization reveal a unique cooperative mechanism in which the intricate interplays between inherent nanoscale forces and unique heterogeneous surfaces contribute to the mesoscale structural transformation from isolated units to superstructures. We further show that the constructed superstructures offer unprecedented opportuntities for the development of functional membrane systems possessing the combination of robust trace-detection performance and molecular trapping function. These findings not only present clear technological implications, but also provide an improved understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of surface-induced geological and biological processes.