Clinical and radiographic comparison of influenza virus-associated pneumonia among three viral subtypes

Abstract

[Objective] Presently, the predominant subtypes of influenza viruses in the world, except for those in local epidemics, include influenza pandemic H1N1 2009 (pH1N1), H3N2, and B viruses. There are few reports on the differences in the clinical features, radiographic findings, treatment, and outcomes of influenza virus-associated pneumonia among these three viral subtypes. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the clinical features, radiographic findings, treatment, and outcomes differ among the viral subtypes. [Methods] We retrospectively analyzed 96 patients with influenza virus-associated pneumonia whose viral subtypes were clarified. [Results] Patients with pH1N1 virus-associated pneumonia tended to be young. The frequency of primary viral pneumonia differed among the virus-associated pneumonia subtypes (pH1N1, 80%; H3N2, 26.5%; and B, 31%). Patients with pH1N1 virus-associated pneumonia more frequently showed bilateral ground-glass opacities (GGOs), which affected more lobes than in patients with H3N2 and B virus-associated pneumonia. However, patients with H3N2 virus-associated pneumonia showed a higher frequency of consolidation and diffuse bronchial wall thickening than did the patients with pH1N1 virus-associated pneumonia. The severity and mortality did not differ among the three pneumonia subtypes. [Conclusion] In the patients who developed influenza virus-associated pneumonia, those with pH1N1 virus-associated pneumonia frequently developed primary viral pneumonia resulting in bilateral and broad areas of GGOs on imaging, whereas patients with H3N2 virus-associated pneumonia frequently showed consolidation and diffuse bronchial wall thickening on pulmonary imaging.