内秘書院モンゴル文檔案にみる17世紀アムド東部のゲルク派諸寺院と清朝

Abstract

In 1653, which was the tenth year of the reign of Emperor Shun-zhi (順治 1638-1661, r. 1643-1661) , the fifth Dalai Lama, Ngag-dbang-blo-bzang-rgya-mtsho (1617-1682) , who was the highest-ranking monk of the Gelug School, visited Beijing (北京) , the new capital of the Qing dynasty (清朝). Many previous studies have considered that visit to be a highly significant landmark event for the early relationship between Tibet and the Qing dynasty. However, what is not generally known is that numerous Tibetan monks of the Gelug monasteries in the eastern Amdo area also visited Beijing immediately before and after that event. We do not know why these monks from the border area between Tibet and China tried to contact the Qing dynasty at the same time when the central government of Tibet (Dga'-ldan-pho-brang) and the Qing dynasty were building their official relationship. This study describes the characteristics of the Tibetan monks who visited the Qing dynasty at that time to clarify the background of these early contacts between the Gelug monasteries and the Qing dynasty. The main investigative sources are the followings: [1] the Mongolian primary source documents of Čing ulus-un dotuγadu narin bicig-un yamun-u mongγul dangsa (內秘書院蒙古文檔案), [2] Tibetan history books on Amdo, and [3] biographies of Tibetan Buddhist monks. By analysing these documents, this study extracts information on a Tibetan Buddhist network formed by eastern Amdo monks called bSam-lo-pa, which was the main driving force of the early Tibet-Qing relationship during the 17th century and a bridge of great dimensions to the later period.