<研究ノート>県主の職掌の所謂内廷的性格について

Abstract

県主が古代天皇家の直轄地の領主であり、天皇家の家政機関すなわち内廷の伴造であるとの論があるが、県主領が天皇家直轄領ならば、県制下の大和国家初期段階には、皇室私領のみで国家公領は無いことになり、国県制下の大和国家後期にも、公領は極めて狭小なものとなるので、発達する国家機構や国策を支える国家経費を賄い難くなる。また伴造として内廷的な部に関係しているのは、国造が名代・子代の部の伴造である例の多いのに比べ特徴的ではあるが、これも必ずしも直轄領々主であることに由来するとは限らない。私は、県主が彼らの県の中に置かれた直轄領邑の長たる稲置の任に就くことで、直轄領管理に当ったものと考え、また内廷関係の伴造となったのも、国造よりも早い時期に、大和朝廷の地方支配機構に参加し、いわゆる宮内官系伴造に当たる職務を担当して来たという、歴史的事情によるものと考える。

There has been a theory that Agatanushi 県主 was a lord of the land which was directly controlled by the ancient Imperial family and that he was also Tomonomiyatsuko 伴造 who was an agency of the Imperial household management. But in case the Agatanushi's territory is under the Imperial direct control, it follows that there is the Imperial private territory alone and no state territory in the early period of Yamato 大和 State under the system of Agata 県, and that there is only narrow state territory after the Yamato State under the system of Kuni-Agata 国県; and so it will be difficult to cover the national expenses which keep the developing state organization and national policy. It is indeed characteristic that he was in relation with internal Tomo 部 as Tomonomiyatsuko, compared with many cases that Kuninomiyatsuko 国造 served as Tomonomiyatsuko (Tomo of Nashiro 名代 or Koshiro 子代), but this is not necessarily derived from his lordship of the territory under the Imperial direct control. This article explains that Agatanushi was in charge of management of the directly controlled terriory by assuming the post of Inagi 稲置 as a chief of Mura 邑, the territory under Imperial direct control which was set up in his Agata, and that his charge of internal Tomonomiyatsuko was due to the historical circumstances that he participated in the local control organization of the Yamato Court in the earlier period than Kuninomiyatsuko and had been in charge of the duty equivalent to so-called Tomonomiyatsuko belonging to the internal officials.