<論説>飛鳥浄御原律令に関する諸問題

Abstract

一九五〇年代後半、活発に議論が交わされながら、その後研究の途絶状態にある浄御原律令の編纂施行の問題について、法の継受という新しい視点を入れながら、法規史の立場に限定して考察を行なう。律令体制成立過程の総合的な再検討の礎としての意味をもつ。筆者が復原した浄御原令公等の継受のあり方を考えると、日本は壬申乱の終了後、遣新羅使を通して、新羅の律令体制の実施の様子を参酌しながら、唐永徽令の規定を個別的に継受してきたが、浄御原令編纂に際し、永徽律令の体系的な継受を最終的に行なったと考えられる。この編纂制定の直接的契機となったのは、七世紀後半の緊迫した東アジア情勢の下で、武烈王代律令体制をとり支配秩序を確立すると共に、唐軍を半島より駆逐して半島全域を代表して唐帝国の冊封体制に参加する新羅の動きであろう。その様な新羅との唐帝国に於ける国際的地位をめぐる競争に打ち勝つ為に、国家体制の急整備をはかる必要から、従来の個別的律令規定に基く支配秩序の上に、唐制を直訳的に継受した規定をも含む体系的な法典として、浄御原令を施行したと考えられる。その他、右の視角の下で新たに浄御原律令の編纂過程を見直し、また律令制研究の現段階で浄御原律存否問題を新たに位置づけし直す必要があろうと問題提起を行ない、更に律令体制成立過程に於ける浄御原律令と大宝律令の果たした役割の差異についても論及した。

We will study the problem on editing and enforcement of the Law of Asuka-Kiyomihara 飛鳥浄御原律令 from the standpoint of history of laws and regulations, adding to the succession of law as a new point; which was actively discussed in the latter half of 1950's and since then has hardly been studied. This means the basis of general re-investigation about the forming process of Ritsuryo System 律令体制. Judging from the text of Kiyomihara Law 浄御原令文, which was reintegrated by the writer, Japan succeeded seperately the text of T'arg-Yung-Hui-Ling 唐永徽令, consulting the enforcement of Sin-Lo's 新羅 Ritsuryo System through the Ken Shiragishi 遣新羅使 after the Jinshin Rebellion 壬申乱, and at the time of editing the Kiyomihara Law finally it took over Yung-Hui-Lü-Ling 永徽律令 systematically. The direct caus of this editing and enactment was the movement that Sin-Lo established its rule by way of Ritsuryo System of King Wu-Lieh 武烈王 and at once joinsd itself to the T'ang's 唐 Ts'ê-Fêng System 冊封体制 as the representative of the Peninsula after the clearance of the T'ang army from the Peninsula. To win the race of the international position in the T'ang Empire against Sin-Lo the state constitution needed such an urgent adjustment that Kiyomihara Law was hastily enforced as a systematical law with provisions which diredtly succeeeded the T'ang System, on the ruling order in the formes individual provision of Ritsuryo 律令. Besides, we should re-investigate the editing process from the abovementioned viewpoint and re-evaluate the existence of the Law of Kiyomihara in the present stage of the study of Ritsuryo System and moreover, explain the difference of the part between the Law of Kiyomihara and that of Taiho 大宝律令 in the forming process of the Ritsuryo System.