<論説>清代新彊における玉石問題

Abstract

満洲人殊にその権貴の官僚は入関後百年もたつと、漢人と変らぬ贅沢な文化生活を享楽する。ここから経済的に窮し、その地位を利用して諸種の疑獄事件を惹起した。高樸もその一人である。彼は欽差大員として新彊に派遣されると、密売を禁止されていた葉爾羌の玉を密売して巨利を博そうとした。この事件には有力な官僚、郷紳や現地回族の有力者等多数の者が加わっていた。更に注目すべきは、清朝財政に重要な関係をもつ山西商人も参画していた。この密売の計画や運営には高樸の最も信頼する家人がこれに当っていた。本稿では葉爾羌の玉石の密売事件を通して、中国近世の士大夫の経済生活を支えていた背景を探ろうとしている。

Mancourians, especially the officials of high-rank, in a hundred years after immigration into China would enjoy their luxurious modern living like Chinese : therefore, their life came to be badly off and caused various scandals, taking advantage of their position. Kao-p'ê 高樸 was among the rest. As he was sent as Ch'in-ch'ai-ta-yüan 欽差大員 to Sin-chiang 新疆, he wanted to make a big profit by smuggling jades of Yeh-rh-chiang 葉爾羌. In this case took part many persons, such as powerful officials, Hsiang-shên 郷紳 and resident influential persons of Hui-tsu 回族. Moreover, the most-remarkable fact is that the merchants in Shan-si 山西, who had the close relation to the finance of Ts'ing 清, participated in the planning; and his most reliable persons were charged with the planning and management of this smuggle. This article, through the investigation into the Jade-plot, tries to make clear the background of the economic life of Shih-tai-fu 士太夫 since Sung 宋 period.