<論説>レラン修道院運動 : 五世紀、聖界に顕われたるガリア＝セナトール貴族の動向をめぐって

Abstract

四世紀後半以降、アリウス派論争の渦中から顕著になってくる、クリスト教界の只中にあって独自の伝統と主張とを掲げた統一体をガリアの地にうちたてようとするガリア聖界のパルティキュラリスム的性向は、五世紀前半期を通じて顕在化し、ひいてはガリア教会内部の重大な変質をもたらすことになる。本稿では、四三〇年代を転機とするガリア教会内部のかかる変質を、ガリア教会のネガティフな『主体』からポジティフな主体への脱皮として把え、かかる変質のよってきたる所以のものを、当時、南東ガリアを中心に急速にその影響力を拡大しつつあったレラン修道院とそこに結集したセナトール貴族出身聖職者の強固な結合体に求めた。レラン修道院は、俗界においてのみならず聖界においても、司教職の独占相続を媒介として同族団的結合体の達成を指向しつつあった当時のガリア＝セナトール貴族の聖界における拠点としての性格を有していたのであり、したがって、かかる勢力によって担われたガリア教会の変質過程は、当時のガリア＝セナトール貴族階層総体としての動向と軌を一にするものであった。

The particulalistic tendency of the Gallic Episcopate, which had become more and more conspicuous in the Arian Controversy from the late 4th century onwards and had intended to establish in Gaul a united body which clarified its original tradition and its own opinion, got actualized through the first half of the 5th century and further brought an important change in quality within the Gallic Church (ECCLESIAE GALLIARUM vel E. GALLICANAE). In this article, I tried to grasp the change as a break from a negative "body" to a positive one of the Gallic Church with the 430's as a turning-point, and to trace the cause of this change to the Monastery of Lérins which was rapidly extending its influences mainly in the southeast Gaul in those days and to the solid body of the prelates from the Senatorial Aristocracy concentrating in this Monastery. The Monastery of Lérins was the ecclesiastical base of the Gallic Senatorial Aristocracy who were aiming at the accomplishment of a consanguineous body in the religious world as well as in the secular world through the medium of an exclusive succession of the episcopate. Therefore, the course of the change in quality within the Gallic Church caused by those forces corresponded with the tendency of the whole Gallic Senatorial Aristocracy in those days.