<論説>幕藩体制初期の藩財政 : 譜代大名酒井小浜藩

Abstract

本稿は幕藩制初期における領主権力の再生産構造に焦点をあて、素材を譜代大名酒井小浜藩にもとめたものである。小浜藩は、農業生産力の面で限定をうけつつも、地方知行の廃止による支配の一元化を挺子とした年貢収入に財政基盤をおき、年貢米の払いを畿内中央市場に近接しているという地理的条件と幕閣としての経済情報の先取りにより有利に展開した。また、北国と畿内を結ぶ中継港敦賀・小浜を掌握し、商品流通に課税し多大の収入を得た。この収入は平時の支出を十分にまかなうものであり、寛永期には高年貢率・高米価にささえられて備蓄が進んだ。この時期の支出は、俸禄知行への移行の結果、家臣の物成米が大きな割合を占めるが、これを除くと江戸入用の大きさが目立つ。さらに、この期の藩財政を規定したものに、幕府軍役殊に普請役がある。これは、平時の藩財政収入でまかなえぬものであるが、先に述べた備蓄がそれに宛てられた。こうして、小浜藩は、自己の再生産をなしとげたのである。

This article will focus on the problem of the reproduction structure of the seigniority of the early Bakuhan Regime 幕藩体制 through a case study of a Fudai-Daimyo 譜代大名, Sakai-Obama-han 酒井小浜藩. Though not abundant in its agricultural production, Obama-han, economically based on the land-tax revenue which was made possible by the substitution of the unified control over the country for the old local fief system, coped with their rice paid as land-tax lucratively, because of its geographical nearness to Kinai 畿内 central market and its familiarity with the economic information as a chief minister of Bakufu. Furthermore, Obama-Han, holding Tsuruga 敦賀 and Obama 小浜 as relay ports between the northern countries and the central countries, levied duties on the circulating commodities and gained enormous revenue. This revenue was sufficient enough to cover the ordinary expenditure, so in the Kan'ei Period 寛永年間, they saved much preparatory money through the high price of rice and the high rate of land-tax. As to the expenditure of that time, not only Bussei-mai 物成米 which resulted from the transfering to the Horoku-chigyo 俸禄知行 system but also the expense in Edo 江戸 occupied great proportions. Furthermore, the military service for Bakufu 幕府軍役, especially the constructing service 普請役, occupied some parts. The latter, being beyond capacity of the ordinary revenue, was paid out of the preparatory savings. Thus Obama-han could complete its reproduction process.