<論説>明代兀者衛に関する研究

Abstract

兀者衛人は、明代の松花江流域に住んだツングース系部族の一種である。兀者衛に関する記録は、今日ではほとんど遺存せず、ただ朝鮮世宗二十一年(一四三九) 正月、都児也という兀者衛人が朝鮮に来朝し、そのさいの発言が『李朝世宗実録』に記るされるにすぎない。本論稿は、都児也の発言に即し、兀者衛の位置、生活様式につき考究したものである。第一・二章では、明代海西女直の範囲と兀者衛人朝鮮来朝の経過を論じ、第三章では、明代兀者衛の本拠が今日の吉林省烏拉街地方に在ったこと、第四章以下では、兀者衛人の牧畜、婚姻、結納、婚期、逆縁結婚、樹上葬の系譜等につき考察し、生活様式、ことに葬送形式および住地の近似性から、明代の兀者衛人が近世の赫哲族と系譜的に連らなるものであることを推定した。

Wu-che-wei is a tribe of the Tunguses who lived in the basin of the Sungari River 松花江. Few records remain today concerning this tribe. In January of the 21st year of Korean Se-jong 世宗 (1439) a Wu-che-wei whose name was Tou-erh-yeh 都児也 visited Korea, and his words were recorded in Yijo-sejong-silnog 李朝世宗実録 (The Authentic Account of Se-jong in the Yi Dynasty). The writer deals, according to what Tou-erh-yeh told then, with the position, marriage, funeral on the tree, etc. of Wu-che-wei. In the first and second chapters he discusses the extent of Hai-hsinü-chih 海西女直 in the Ming era and the process of a Wu-che-wei coming to visit Korea, and in the third chapter he estimates that the base of Wu-che-wei in the Ming era was located in the district of Wu-la-chieh 烏拉街, Chi-lin-sheng 吉林省 as it is called now. From the fourth to the seventh chapter he makes comments on the system of marriage, a ceremonial exchange of betrothal gifts, the marriage age, levirate, funeral on the tree, etc. of Wu-che-wei, and estimates, from the similarity of their life and funeral styles and living quarters, that Wu-che-wei in the Ming era is congeneric with the Goldi 赫哲族 in modern ages.