<論説>第一次国共合作の成立について

Abstract

第一次国共合作は複雑な政治状況のなかでかろうじて成立した協力関係であった。合作の目的は「国民革命」の実現であり国共両党の党員のあいだには思想面での共通性だけではなく人間関係も存在していたが、両者は「国民革命」の実現方法では異なった道をあゆんでいた。共産党は国民党を合作の対象とはみなしておらず今日では軍閥として否定的にしか評価されない陳烔明や呉佩孚に接近していた。国民党も共産党を対等の政治勢力とはみなしていなかった。両者を結びつけたのは中国内に親ソビエト勢力をもとめていたコミンテルンとソビエト政府であった。しかし国民党側の西欧列強や軍閥への接近と、共産党側の反発により合作は難行する。結局は共産党の陳炯明や呉佩孚との関係が破綻し、国民党も西欧諸国にあいてにされず互いにあゆみよることになり合作は成立する。しかし両者のあいだの矛盾は日をおってふかまりつつあった。

The First Nationalist-Communist Cooperation was established with difficulty under complicated political situations. The aim of the Cooperation was to carry out the "National Revolution". Among the members of both the Natinalist and Communist partits, existed not only personal relations but also some similarities in political thought. Both sides, however, were to employ different means to accomplish the Revolution. The Communists did not regard Nationalists (Kuomingtang) as partners in performing the Revolution. They had close relations with Ch'en Chiung-ming 陳炯明 and with Wu Pei-fu 呉佩孚, both of whom are regarded as nothing but warlords today. On the other hand, the Nationalists didn't regard the Communists as equal partners with enough political influence either. Under these circumstances, the Communist International and Soviet government tried to make Communists and Nationalists cooperate to establish a pro-Soviet power in China. However, because of the Kuomingtang's leaning towards Western powers and because of strong opposition from the Communists, it was difficult to make both sides enter the Cooperation. Finally, Communist relations with Ch'en Chiung-ming and Wu Pei-fu were ruined and Kuomingtang was not accepted by Western powers, it, therefore, became necessary for both sides to approach each other in order to form the Cooperation. However, the contradictions between the two parties became more and more serious despite their official Cooperation.