<論説>平安後期の侍所について : 摂関家を中心に

Abstract

本論は平安後期の摂関家を中心に、その主要家政機関である侍所の実態を解明することを目的とする。侍所はまず宮中に出現するが、それは殿上の別称であった。藤原氏の侍所もほぼ同時期に成立するが、大盤、櫃、簡等の備品は殿上と共通しており、両者が密接な関係にあったことは明白である。さて、右の三つの備品は侍始においても重要な役割を果たしており、家政機関としての侍所の機能と不可分の存在と考えられる。ことに家司以下の名簿・令旨を収めた櫃、その出仕を管理する簡の存置は、家政機関内での主従関係の中枢とも言うべき侍所の性格を示す。侍所は別当・侍・所司等の職員を有するが前二者が家政全般に関与するのに対し、所司は櫃の保管、着到記入、催促等、侍所本来の機能に密接した職務を有していた。

This article is to give light on Samurai-dokoro which is the main institution of domestic economy in the later Heian Period. Particularly our research is concerned with that of the Sekkan Family. At first, Samurai-dokoro appeared in the imperial court as another name given to Tenjō 殿上. About the same time came out that of the Fujiwaras 藤原氏, the Sekkan Family. It is clear that Tenjō and Samurai-docoro were closely related, because they had commonly the fixtures, such as Taiban 大盤, Hitsu 櫃 and Kan 簡. These three fixtures played such important roles in the Samuraihajime 侍始, that we can regard them unseparable from the function of Samurai-dokoro as the agency of domestic economy. Especially Kan and Hitsu show the character of Samurai-dokoro as the center which managed the vertical relation in the organization. Hitsu was the box for the Ryōjis 令旨, the messages of appointments and the Myōbu 名簿, the list of the officials. Kan controlled their presence. Samurai-docoro consisted of those members called Bettō 別当, Samurai 侍 and Shoshi 所司 etc.. Bettō and Samurai generally took part in domestic economy, while Shoshi kept Hitsu, registered the Chyakutō 着到, arrival of the officials and urged them. These tasks of Shoshi were near to the original ones of Samurai-dokoro.