<論説>ノルマン朝シチリア王国に関する一考察 : 財務組織を中心として

Abstract

シチリア史の中でも黄金時代の一つに数えられるノルマン朝シチリア王国は、種々の要素を内包しているが故に、その性格づけに関して多くの見解が提示されてきた。本稿は、財務機構の変遷を通してそのあり方を検討すると共に、国王を中心とする統治の理念的側面を探ろうとするものである。その結果として、以下のことが明らかになった。少数者たるノルマン人支配者は、現実的必要性から現地人の助力を求めるため、それまでの慣習、伝統を保持した。そこで、ギリシア、ラテン、アラブという三要素が並存する多元的国家体制が生まれ、その上に位置づけられる王は、神政君主思想によって権威の高揚を図る一方で、実際的権力を得るために、既存の組織を利用しながら行政機構を整備し、独自の中央集権的専門機構を生みだした。その王権理念と中央集権的な志向は、この後のイタリア南部の王国に継承されていくことになる。

The period of the Norman dynasty is one of the golden ages in the history of Sicily. As it had many elements within it, many views have been given to how it should be caught. In this article we examine the question through transition of the financial institution, as well as its theorical side of the governance. The Norman rulers, who were so few in Italy, kept the customs and the traditions of their predecessors because they actually needed the help of natives. Such policy bore the plural reigme which contained Greek, Latin and Arabian elements, each of which cannot be said dominant. On this regime situated the king who functioned as the pivot and tried to exalt his authority as rex gratia dei. On the other hand, in order to get the practical power, the Norman government had comparatively professional and concentrated institution in view of its position of twelfth century Europe. It utilized the preceding system and officials, developing to its own form in the course of foundation of the Kingdom. Though the plural regime faded with the end of the Norman King-dom, its theory of the kingship and centralistic trend were to be succeeded in the later kingdoms in Southern Italy and Sicily.