<論説>春秋時代の藉田儀礼と公田助法

Abstract

春秋時代の藉田儀礼に関しては、従来殆ど論ぜられることがなく、その経営的側面である公田助法の問題についても、本格的に取り組んだ研究は少ない。小論では、西周時代の藉田儀礼を論じた前稿を承けて、西周・春秋期の魯に例をとり、まず藉田儀礼の実体を明らかにした後で、公田経営の具体的な在りようを「国中」と「野」の鄙邑に分けて検討してみたい。前者については、『国語』周語で繁瑣なまでに語られた<理念型>的な藉田儀礼との比較が今後の課題となるし、後者はまた、春秋中期宋の宣公十五年(前五九四) 、「初めて畝に税す」という魯の租税改革の意義と内容を究明する場合、その前提的な作業の位置を、筆者の構想において占めている。

As regards the Rite of Jitian in the Spring and Autumn period, there have been few studies. Concerning the economic angle of the Jitian, i.e., so-called the Gongtian Zhufa 公田助法, each concrete problem was not fully explained too. Continuing on my previous study of the Rite of Jitian in the Western Zhou 周 period, in this article, I firstly intend to clarify the character of the Rite of Jitian in Lu 魯 in the Spring and Autumn period by way of example, and secondly to examine the realities of the Gongtian Zhufa in the concrete. The Gongtian Zhufa is the tributary labour on the Gongtian by leaders and members of clannish .community, and it depends upon the production relationship between these two classes. But there are the diferences among in the suburban area and the provincial districts as its stage of tributary system, especially in the latter case remained the previous society consisted of village potentates and peasants.