<論説>一九〇六年東京の電車賃値上げ反対運動

Abstract

本稿は一九〇六年の電車賃値上げ反対運動の全体としての性格を解明した。三月の運動が値上げ阻止を主な課題としたのに対し、八月から九月にかけての運動は値上げそのものよりも原敬内相への攻撃を通して西園寺内閣と政友会にゆさぶりをかけることの方に重点があった。運動で主要な役割を果たした団体も、前者では社会党のほか、政友会系も含む市・区会議員らであったが、後者では反藩閥・反既成政党・政界刷新を唱える政治グループであった。原敬は、全体として反政友＝反政府の運動が東京の外に波及しないよう強硬な鎮圧策をとった。春の運動に熱心にとりくんだ社会党は、やや過激な運動方針を強引にとったために、従来説明されて来た以上に重大な打撃をこうむった。この結果同党は夏の運動からおりざるを得なかった。これに批判的な党員が新たに結成したのが労働党であった。民衆は春・夏の両方の運動で激しい闘争を展開し、一時値上げを阻止した。

This paper elucidated characters of the movements against raising the fare in 1906 as a whole. The movement in March mainly aimed to stop raising the fare. But from August to September, it rather attached importance to stirring things up to the Saionzi 西園寺 Cabinet and Seiyukai 政友会 Party, through the attack to the Home Minister Hara Takashi 原敬, than to stop raising fare itself. With regard to the bodies playing an important part in the movements, in spring, it was organized, by members of the municipal and ward assemblies, including members of the Seiyukai Party besides the Socialist Party 社会党. But in summer, it was organized, by political groups urging anti-Clanship Hanbatsu 藩閥, anti-existing political parties and the innovation of the political world. For this reason Hara strongly suppressed this movement so as not to spread the anti-Seiyukai and anti-Government movement over the area around Tokoyo. The Socialist Party, tackling the movement eagerly in spring, went on so radical lines forcibly that it suffered more greatly than usually explained. Finally it was obliged to fall away the movement in summr. So some members criticizing this policy of the Socialist Party, organised a new political party, the Labor Party 労働党 But then people developed radical movement in both spring and summer, and stopped raising the fare for a while.