<論説>近世の大名諸家における主君「押込」の慣行

Abstract

近世の大名諸家においては悪主・暴君を、家老・重臣たちが中心となって強制的に廃位せしめる主君「押込」の行為が存在していた。本行為は家臣の手になる主君廃立行為であり、近世の国制を考察する際に不可欠のものでありながら、これまで学問的検討の施されてこなかった問題である。本稿ではこの難題を確実な知識、体系立った知識として把握することを目指し、実際に発生した事件を中心にしてその実態の確定を第一義とする。そして次に、確定された事実関係に基づいて本行為の理念型的な全体像を構成する。ここでは家臣団の合意形成のあり方、親類大名の関与、対幕府関係、具体的な執行形態、「押込」行為の時代的変容と意義転換、当該行為の正当性観念、等々の問題を吟味する。そして最後にこれらを踏まえて、近世の大名家の政治体制および近世の国制一般の存在形態を再検討し、その独自の歴史的意義を探っていく。

In early modern Daimyo, There was a practice of Oshikomi of lords, in which the evil lords and tyrants were forced to step down from the throne by Karo 家老 and chief retainers in the main. This practice is the dethronement of lords, conducted by their own retainers, and it is inevitable to take it into account in the study of the governing systems in early modern times. But it has not been under scholarly investigation. The aim of this article is to grasp this problem as firm and systematic knowledge, and principally to define its realities, laying stress on the incidents that actually happened.Next, the author is to constitute a total image of this practice as something of "ideal types", based on clarified facts. At this point, such problems as these, will be studied; the way concensus was made among the retainers, the meddling by relative Daimyo, the relations to the Bakufu 幕府, concrete form of its enforcement, transitions with time and changes of meanings in the practice, and notions of justification of the practices concerned. Finally, on these bases, I will review the realities of the political system of Daimyo and the governing systems in general in early modern times, and their historical significances.