<論説>帝国議会開設前夜の地価修正運動 : 京都府下丹後の一事例

Abstract

本稿は、従来研究史上のアポリアであった帝国議会開設前の地価修正運動の歴史的意義を、京都府北部=丹後地域の具体的な事例研究を通して明らかにしたものである。丹後の地価修正運動は、一八七五年一一月、桜井勉=三吉周亮ラインによる地租再改正に反対する中郡・与謝郡の請願運動を始点とする。そして七六年八月の豊岡県の廃止、丹後五郡と丹波天田郡の京都府への移管によって七七年最初の高揚期をむかえる。ところが八一年の有尾敬重検査官の派遣と太政官布告第二五号による地租再改正の拒否によって、運動は分裂の危機をむかえる。しかし、運動は持続され、運動の性格も地租軽減闘争から太政官布告第二五号の第一条但書「特別地価修正」を実現する闘争へと転換する。一八八四年の地租条例、民権政社天橋義塾の解散、「松方デフレ」のなかで、豪農たちは丹後出身の大蔵省収税局次長神鞭知常への接近をはかりながら、京都府への請願を続ける。そして八七年七月、旧豊岡県のみの地衝修正を勝ち取る。八九年には京都府全域の地価修正が実施される。しかし、豪農たちの地元出身官僚への接近は、彼らの運動の性格を「利益集団」へと変質させる第一歩となった。

Hitherto the movement of revaluation of land before the establishment of the Imperial Diet has been aporia in the historiography. In this paper the author threw light upon the historical significance of this movement through a concrete study of a case in Tango region, the northen part of Kyoto Prefecture. The movement of revaluation of land in Tango began with the petitions of Naka 中 District and Yosa 与謝 District in November 1875, which were opposed to the revision of the land tax under the leadership of Tsutomu Sakurai 桜井勉 and Syusuke Miyoshi 三吉周亮. After the abolition of Toyooka 豊岡 Prefecture and the transfer of control of five districts in Tango and Amata 天田 District in Tanba 丹波 into Kyoto Prefecture in August 1876, this movement reached the first high watermark in 1877. But the movement faced a crisis of disintegration when an inspector Keicho Ario 有尾敬重 was dispatched and the revision of the land tax was refused by the Decree No. 25 of the Cabinet. Nevertheless the movement continued and its character changed from a fight for reduction of the land tax to a fight for realization of the first Provisory Article of the Decree No. 25 of the Cabinet about 'Special Revision of Land Tax'. Under the proclamation of regulations of the land tax in 1884, the dissolution of Tenkyo-gijuku 天橋義塾 and the deflationary policy by the Finance Minister Matsukata 松方, wealthy farmers continued the petition to the government of Kyoto Prefecture, bringing about better relations with Tomotsune Komuchi 神鞭知常, a vice-director of the revenue office in the Finance Ministry. And they won the revision of the land tax only in former Toyooka Prefecture in July 1887, and then in 1889 throughout Kyoto Prefecture. However the intimate relations of wealthy farmers with government officials from that district marked the first step in changing of the character of their movement into 'the profit group'.