<論説>春秋晋霸考

Abstract

春秋期における霸者の政治的機能は古来無前提の共通認識になっているが、霸者自体を対象とした研究は充実しておらず、その歴史的実像の解明が要請される。中原諸侯国の動向は霸者体制に制約されており、体制のより普遍的な動向において各諸侯国の個別的な推移を相対的に位置付ける視点が必要である。同様に霸者の歴史的実像も、霸者体制の中に位置付けられてはじめて具体的に理解しえよう。かかる問題意識のもと、筆者は先に霸者体制前史としての東遷期・春秋初期の政治史的推移を整理したが、本稿では前二稿の所見を踏まえつつ、春秋中期における晋霸の具体像を解明することとする。第一章では、晋霸の推移を整理した上で、その空間構造が本来、王朝直轄領の確保を志向するものであったことを解明し、ついで第二章では、制度的・理念的側面を分析することで、霸者権力が王朝―霸者―同盟国なるヒエラルヒーに裏付けられていたことを具体的に検証する。最後に第三章では、霸者体制が中原各同盟国の世族支配体制の盛衰に果たした役割を解明する。以上の作業により、さらに霸者体制解体後の春秋晩期から戦国初中期に至る政治社会秩序のあり方を展望することが可能となろう。

The political function of the hegemons in the Spring and Autumn period has long been recognized, but there is a paucity of research taking the hegemons themselves as its object, and there is still a need for clarifying their true historical characteristics. Since historical trends among the states in the Central Plain were conditioned by the overall trends in the hegemon system, we must view the political development of those states from the standpoint of those overall trends. In the same way, we can only begin to understand the true historical characteristics of the hegemons if we place them in the context of the entire system. With this in mind, the author has written two earlier articles on the' political developments of the early period of the hegemon system, that is, the early Spring and Autumn period. The purpose of this article then is to clarify the characteristics of the Jin hegemony in the middle Spring and Autumn period in concrete terms. In the first part, the author demonstrstes that the Jin hegemony was spatially structured to protect the directly-controlled territory of the Zhou kings. In the second, he analyzes it from an institutional and ideological angle and reaches the conclusion that the power of the hegemons was based on the hierarchy of dynasty-hegemon-allied states. Finally in the third part he clarifies the role played by the hegemon system in the vicissitudes of the aristocracies of the states in the Central Plain. It is hoped that this work will offer a basic standpoint from which to view the socio-political order after the collapse of the hegemon system, from the late Spring and Autumn period to the early and middle Warring States period.