<論説>社会大衆党の国家社会主義と国際政策

Abstract

本稿は、昭和恐慌および満州事変を契機に成立した社会大衆党を取り上げ、国家社会主義の流れをくむ同党の幹部が、内外の危機に規定された一九三〇年代の日本をいかに誘導しようとしていたかを、日本労働総同盟を基盤とした右派との関係に着目しつつ再検討するものである。昭和恐慌を背景に活性化した国社派は、景気回復と国際情勢の展開の中で、右派との対立的な関係を調整し、共同歩調を実現していく。それは、一方では強固な組織基盤を有する右派の優位を示すものであったが、他方で極東情勢の展踊を背景に、国社派の政策構想が支配権を確立する過程でもあった。その間、国社派は極東情勢をめぐって独自の政策構想を提示し、やがて日中戦争が長期化する中で、その構想を全面的に展開するにいたる。それは、右派との決別であり、新体制運動への合流であった。

The Social People's Party (Shakai Taishu To) was created upon the amalgamation of two factions : the National Socialist faction (Kokka Shakai shugi ha), activists galvanized by the suffering induced by the Depression and the foreign crisis caused by the Manchurian Incident, and the Right-Wing faction, a social-democratic entity based on Japan Labor Union (Nippon Rodo Sodomei). The National Socialists advocated state control of the economy to build a classless socitey, which became unpopular domestically as Japan recovered from the Depression. But their economic policy was reflected to the foreign policy to contain the Chinese Communists and conclude a nonagression pact with the Soviet Union. As the international situation and economic situation changed, the National Socialists switched from confrontation with the Right-Wing faction to conciliation, as a result of which the National Socialists became dependent on the Right-Wing faction for the labor organization whereas the Right-Wing faction depended on the National Socialists for the foreign policy concerning Asia. Nevertheless, as Japan became bogged down in the Sino-Japanese War, the National Socialists broke with the Right- Wing faction and participated in the "New Political Order" (Shin taisei undo) of the 1940's.