<論説>都市エルサレムのブルジョワ : 前期エルサレム王国の統治構造

Abstract

従来のエルサレム王国史研究は、法書史料の描く王国会議像が導く、聖と俗やオート・クールとクール・デ・ブルジョワという区分に規定されてきたと言える。この規定は、王国の重要な社会要素を成すブルジョワに関する研究の姿勢にも、例外なく影響を与えた。 しかし、証書史料の詳細な分析によって、王国統治構造は決して法書史料の描く像とは一致しないことが明らかになるであろうし、又ブルジョワの活動の王国統治構造への位置付けもより正確に把握できるであろう。

Law books and their visions of court, the classification between the clerical and secular courts, and the difference between Haute Cour and Cour des Bourgeois, have had an influence on many scholars. It can be said that although sorne scholars have doubted the decumentary merit of law books they are all under the influence of Law books' classification. In order to verify the classification of the Law books, the Burgenses of Jerusalem are chosen as a focus in this essay. A comprehensive re-examination of charters will reveal that not vicomte but some of them were the core of the city government, and that their activities were not restricted within the city. It is easier to understand these points when some conditions peculiar to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, such as the lack of manpower and the threat of the Musulims' military power, are taken into consideration. As a result, it can be said that the governmental structure in the Law books didin't reflect reality.