<論説>近世における浪速古図の作製と受容

Abstract

浪速古図は近世の古地図史において一つの特徴をなす「古図」の代表的な図として知られている。本稿では、浪速古図をその地形表現などから三グループ一二種類に分類した上で、これらの浪速古図が近世になぜ作製され、どのように受容されていったのかについて、検討を行った。まず、浪速古図の作製および受容を支えた当時の文脈として、「過去の場所」に対する関心の増大や大坂の地形環境の変化に注目した。さらに、浪速古図は「推定・考証図」と「由緒図」の二つのタイプが存在し、両者は受動的に知識を享受する当時の知識層によって広められていったこと、そして、とりわけ後者は前者を享受する者たちに加えて、自ら「過去の場所」を検討しようとする、いわば知識に対して能動的な者たちの個人側文脈のもとで受容されていったことを明らかにした。

Naniwa-Kozu are one kind of Kozu (historical maps), which represent ancient or medieval Osaka. For a long time, they were deemed to be forgeries by the academic community. Indeed, they were drawn and copied since the Edo era, so some of their contents do not reflect the real world in ancient or medieval times. But we have to notice the distinction between Kozu and other old maps in the Edo era, namely the character of Kozu as showing the place of the past with historical investigation and imagination. If we deal with Kozu in this manner, what we should not do is value Kozu on whether or not they reflected the truth of the past world, but investigate why a lot of Kozu were produced and how people accepted or valued them in Edo era. This paper considers these points in the case of Naniwa-Kozu. The genealogy of Naniwa-Kozu is in the second chapter. There are now more than 100 pieces of Naniwa-Kozu. Based on the research of their proportions, expressions and notes in detail, I classify them into 3 groups -A, B, and C- and 12 subgroups. In the B-6, B-7 and B-8 subgroups in the B group, Yuisyo (the retrospective explanations) were written on the maps, while Suitei-Kousyo-bun (the sentence of historical investigations) were written on the others. I call the former maps 'Yuisyo-zu', and the latter ones 'Suitei-Kosyo-zu'. To understand the reason of production and spread of Naniwa-Kozu, it is necessary to see the context regarding the cognition of the past place in the Edo era. Four main contexts are in the third chapter; the development of a traveling culture, the publication of many guide books arid maps, the trend of thought questing for truth through the investigation of the past, and the increase of the importance of retrospective explanations for showing the territorial identities. The peoples' way of acceptance or evaluation of Naniwa-Kozu in Edo era is explored in the fourth chapter. At that time, the main readers of books were the upper class of merchants and farmers, and having a lot of knowledge about various things helped in the establishment of their authority and power. Both 'Suitei- Kosyo-zu' and 'Yuisyo-zu' were accepted by these people to assuage their hungers for knowledge and authority. Moreover, especially with respect to 'Yuisyo-zu', another type of reader existed. They read many books like other readers, but they also wrote books about their own thoughts concerning the past. For four individuals using Naniwa-Kozu as material for their quests, personal context as well as social contexts influenced their evaluation of Naniwa-Kozu. Two or three of them valued them as maps drawn in the past and used them as base maps for their own thoughts, while an other person criticized them and made original Naniwa-Kozu showing his own idea for Osaka in the past.