<研究ノート>エルサレム王国における教会形成と王権

Abstract

The main concern of scholars of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem has been the relationship between it's kings and feudal nobility, and yet the clergy in the Kingdom has hardly been focused on, though they were also an important element. Overlooking them would mean that we could never grasp the whole structure of the Kingdom. Thus, in order to put the clergy into this structure, this essay mainly deals with the formation of the secular church and the royal power in this connection. In general, it is thought that the establishment of the church was carried out under royal power. However, the analysis of historical materials points out that this idea can only be applied until the 1120s. Also, the study of the process in which rules of church were laid down shows that royal authority played a leading role only until the 1110s. Furthermore, if the conflict concerning the boundary line between the church of Jerusalem and that of Antioch is focused upon, it can be made out that the conflict gave papacy an opportunity to deal with the ecclesiastical problems in Latin Syria in the 1110s and, on this opportunity, the church of Jerusalem began to lose its necessity of relying on royal authority. That the relationship between the kings and the clergy got worse after 1120s cannot be concluded, because decisive evidence that there were prominent conflicts between them cannot be found. So as to have an idea of their relationship, we must cast our eyes on other aspects of it (ex. the patriarchal right of crowning kings, the kings' right of electing bishops, and political power of clergy).