<研究ノート>胡広『漢官解詁』の編纂 : その経緯と構想

Abstract

This article deals with Hu Guan 胡広's Hanguan jiegu 漢官解詰, one of the primary written sources used in researching the institutional history of the Han Dynasty, investigates its conceptual framework and the motivation for its production as well as those of three of its predecessors, thereby revealing the political and cultural background and their transformation in the Late Han, and also considers the reasons for and historical significance of the sudden emergence of similar writings regarding the bureaucracy during the period of transition from end of the Later Han Dynasty to the Six Dynasties. The article, first, deals with the Hanguan pian 漢官篇 of Wan Long 王隆, which served as the basis for the Hanguan jiegu, and points out that the Hanguan pian, which covers the entire Han bureaucracy in elegant language, offerred Hu Guang suitable raw material for his work. Next, the article takes up Liu Zhen 劉珍's Hanjia liyi 漢家礼儀and Zhang Heng 張衡's Zhouguan jieshuo 周官解説 in order of their production and shows the following points: one, they attempted to describe the bureaucracy of the Han in tight of the description of the bureaucracy in the Zhouli 周礼, thereby idealizing it. Second, through these works, the authors sought to spur the reorganization of the contemporary, disorganized political realm and to revive the decaying dynasty. Following in this tradition, the Hanguan jiegu tends to describe the history and details of the bureaucracy of the Han Dynasty objectively rather than describe it in terms of the Confucian classics and idealize it. This tendency was a reflection of Hu Guang's conservative political attitude and his scholarly stance based in Guwen xue 古文学 (the movement to study the classics written in the ancient characters), which was the leading trend in the scholarly circles of the day. Such an objective description of the bureaucracy suited the current of the culture during the period from the end of the Later Han Dynasty to the Wei-Jin period, which witnessed a rapid increase of various types of writing and the birth of historical writing as an independent category in the library catalogue. Such a trend also matched the demands of the period during which the governments of the Three Kingdoms were establised, and it was one of the reasons why many similar writings on officials were compiled in the Six Dynasty period during which dynastic changes occurred repeatedly.