<論説>具足櫃の金のゆくえ : 尾張生駒氏の「在所」経営

Abstract

尾張徳川家には「在所持」衆と呼ばれる格式の家臣がいた。入封以前からの尾張の在地領主であり、「在所」とはその本領を意味する。木曽川扇状地を開発した生駒氏は旧領小折村を「在所」と主張したが、尾張家の容認するところではなく、天和―元禄期に「在所」の範囲は旧城館部分に縮小・決定された。本稿は生駒利勝がこの「在所」経営につき定めた条目と、江戸在勤中に投資・運用した収支帳を分析する。前者においては、近隣諸村の勧農・治水・商工業への補助等、地域の公共機能を果たす基金が「在所」から生みだされていた。後者は、その基金が尾張家江戸屋敷周辺の町人にも貸付けられ、年率一二％以上の利金を生駒家にもたらしたことを明らかにした。これは同時に、参勤交代による大量の武士団を受け入れた江戸にとって、その生活必需物資供給のシステム形成に寄与したとみられ、在江戸武士の個別資金がシステムのソフト部門形成に貢献したとの仮説を導き出した。

The Owari-Tokugawas 尾張徳川家 kept a number of vassals allowed to have a territory called "Zaisho 在所". They were the feudal lords of Owari country who had lived before the Owari-han 尾張藩 was founded, and "Zaisho" was the native land where they had first grounds. Though the Ikomas 生駒家, who had developed in Kiso-gawa 木曽川river alluvial fan, insisted on the Koori-village 小折村 area as his "Zaisho", the Owari-Tokugawas did not accept it. And around 1681-91 years, it was finally decided that the range of "Zaisho" was limited to his ex-castle/mansion area. In this paper, I analyze the territory rule called "Joumoku 条目" which Toshikatu Ikoma 生駒利勝 established to manage this "Zaisho" and the income and expenditure account books for investment during his assignment in Edo. By analysis of the role "Joumoku", it became clear that the fund for the public and social function such as encouraging agriculture, river improvement construction, commerce and industry in the Koori-village and the local community, was raised from his "Zaisho". And the account books show that this fund was loaned to townspeople around his mansion in Edo, which brought around 12% a year profits to the lkomas' finance. It was assumed that this kind of funds were useful for the formation of a circulation system raising the life requisite supplies for the Edo that accepted a large number of samurais who came to live in a system of alternate attendance.