<論説>平安期の御願寺と天皇 : 九・十世紀を中心に (特集 : モニュメント)

Abstract

御願寺とは、天皇や皇后、上皇等によって建立された寺院や、申請によって天皇御願寺となった寺院を指す。天皇等の誕生から死後までその身体に密着して活動していた。九世紀に出現し、その後徐々に天皇の御願寺が他に比べて優位に立つ。十世紀後半には、寺院制度の転換により、天皇御願寺こそが重視される等、天皇権威の形式的浮上が読み取れる。他方で、御願寺による追善の対象である山陵も十世紀末から十一世紀初頭に大きく変化した。先の御願寺の変化は、天皇の宗教的権威そのもの転換の中で出現した現象と考えられる。

Goganji (imperial vow temples) is the term for temples that were constructed by emperors (tenno), empresses (kogo), oy former emperors, and also for temples that petitioned an emperor for such status. These temples operated in close association with the emperor throughout his life. Goganji first appeared in the 9th century, and thereafter the goganji of the emperors gradually gained preeminence over other temples. By the latter half of the 10th century, the goganji of the emperors began to be viewed as increasingly important as a result of changes in the temple system, and the authority of the emperor was formally enhanced. Moreover, the tumuli of the emperors (sanryo) which were related with the goganji underwent a great transformation in the last part of the 10th century and the early portion of the 11th century. The author believes that due to these factors the transformation of the goganji was a phenomenon that occurred as a result of the change in the religious nature of imperial authority.