<論説>日清戦争後における経済構想 : 金子堅太郎の「工業立国構想」と外資輸入論の展開

Abstract

本稿では、日清戦争後における金子堅太郎の国家構想や経済構想・政策および外資輸入論の展開を分析した。その結果、金子が日清戦争後、イギリスを将来的な目標とする「工業立国構想」を主張したこと、清国新開港場視察団派遣を契機に、工業品を清国へ輸出し、清国における諸権益を積極的に獲得する「清国市場進出論」を提唱したことが明らかになった。また、本稿では、金子の「工業立国構想」が日清戦後恐慌により大きく展開し、「清国市場進出論」に加え、外資輸入によって資本不足を解消する経済政策を採用した経緯を論じた上で、「工業立国構想」が外資輪入論と結合し、興業銀行を設立してインフラ整備、外国貿易や器械工業の大規模化を目指す「世界的工業」建設へと大きく発展した経緯を示した。そして、それは当該期の大蔵省主流とは異なる、積極的な外資輸入により「世界的工業」への発展を目指し、民間経済の成長を優先した金子の経済政策であったことを強調した。

In this study I analyze Kaneko Kentaro's conception of the nation state as well his conception of and plan for the economy and the development of his theory of the introduction of foreign capital after the Sino-Japanese War. As a result, it has become clear that Kaneko had advocated a "plan for an industrial state" after the Sino-Japanese War with the U.K. serving as the ultimate goal, but with the dispatch of forces to police newly opened ports in China as a turning point, Kaneko proposed actively pursuing special privileges and rights within China and exporting industrial products as part of the plan of exporting to Ching markets." I also argue in this study how Kaneko's "plan for an industrial state" was further developed due to the financial depression following the Sino-Japanese War and demonstrate how, in addition to "export to Chinese markets, " he adopted an economic plan to alleviate capital shortages by introducing foreign capital. Combined with his "plan for an industrial state, " its major aim was to establish "global industrialization" by expanding large-scale foreign trade and mechanical industrialization and the development of an industrial bank to maintain infrastructure. Moreover, I emphasize the fact that the aim of developing an "industrialized world" by the active import of foreign capital differed from the mainstream of the Ministry of Finance, and that Kaneko's economic policy assumed that the growth of the private economy should be the first priority.