<論説>「惣無事」はあれど「惣無事令」はなし

Abstract

藤木久志氏が一九七八年に提起した「惣無事令」論を、「令」の性格に注目し、その存立の正否について論じた。まず氏の「惣無事令」論とその後の研究史を位置づけたうえで、氏が「惣無事令」を最初に見いだした一二月三日付の秀吉直書の性格を検討し、「惣無事」の意味、直書にある「惣無事之儀今度家康ニ被仰付候」の解釈、返書としての性格、地域的ズレについて述べ、この直書を「ひろく関東・奥羽にわたる天下一統の実現をめざして発した大きな停戦命令」とする氏の位置づけは成立せず、さらに、秀吉がかかわった「惣無事」を具体的に分析し、それぞれが個別的・時事的なものであり、氏が想定した広域的かつ持続性のある「令」の姿をそこには確認できないとした。最後に氏の「惣無事令」を前提としたとき、それに跛行・逸脱する事例のあることを指摘し、広域的・持続的な「令」の存在に疑義を呈し、全体として氏の「惣無事令」論は存立しえないとする。

In examining theory of the Sobujirei (Order for a General Peace), which was first proposed by Fujiki Hisashi in 1978, I focus on its character as an order (rei) and then consider the validity of the theory. I begin by reviewing Fujiki's original theory of the Sobujirei and later studies based on the theory. Then, in regard to the letter of Hideyoshi, in which Fujiki first discovered the term "Sobujirei, " I interpret the meaning of the term sobuji (general peace) and its context within the wording of the letter and also examine the significance of the letter as a reply. I point out that Fujiki's situating it as "an order for a great ceasefire that was issued to affect broadly Kanto and the Ou region and aimed at bringing about national unity" cannot be sustained. Furthermore, I concretely analyze examples of Hideyoshi's involvement in other instances of sobuji, and confirm that all were individual cases for a limited time and that the existence of a long-term, wide-ranging "order" as supposed by Fujiki cannot be discerned. Finally, I point out examples of events that do not conform to Fujiki's theory of the Sobujirei, casting doubt on the existence of a wide-ranging and long-term order. I conclude on the basis of this examination that Fujiki's theory of the Sobujirei is invalid.