<論説>植民地期朝鮮・台湾民族運動の相互連帯に関する一試論 : その起源と初期変容過程を中心に

Abstract

本稿は未だ実態が不明である植民地期の朝鮮と台湾の民族解放運動の相互連帯について、その起源と初期の変容過程を中国人側の運動と絡めて解明するものである。第一章では、朝鮮・台湾民族運動の相互連帯の起源である新亜同盟党について検討する。一九一五年に東京で組織された新亜同盟党は、朝鮮、台湾、中国の留学生が協力して日本のアジア侵略からの解放を目指す秘密結社であった。第二章と第三章では、官憲の弾圧によって解散した新亜同盟党の留学生が、一九二一年に上海で再会し、再び相互連帯を形成していく過程を追う。第二章ではその背景となったコミンテルンの東アジア民族運動に対する働きかけと、新亜同盟党出身の朝鮮人と中国人が共産主義運動に加わる過程を論じる。第三章では同盟党出身の台湾人留学生が朝鮮人共産主義者からの働きかけを受けて朝鮮人、中国人とともに共産主義を理念とする相互連帯に加わっていく過程を明らかにする。

Among the studies of the national movements in Korea and Taiwan during colonial period there have been some studies that pay attention to the relationship between social movements in imperial Japan and China, which a major place of asylum, but these studies have seldom touched on the relationship between the national movements of Korea and Taiwan. The historical reality of the relationship thus remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to elucidate how international cooperation between the national liberation movements in colonial Korea and Taiwan began and how they changed over time. The first interaction of the Koreans and Taiwanese after their colonization took place in the middle of the second decade of the 20th century in Tokyo. The New Asian Alliance Party, which was formed in 1915, was a secret society created through the cooperation of exchange students from Korea, Taiwan, and China whose aim was liberating Asia from the Japanese invasion. In the process of building ties between Korean, Chinese, and Taiwanese exchange students, it was the Chinese students who played the leading role. The New Asian Alliance Party was force to disband in 1917 under pressure from the Japanese police, and the Korean and Chinese exchange students returned to their home countries. The Taiwanese students on the other hand remained in Japan and grew into the core of the Taiwanese national movement, However, they again established international cooperation. The Comintern, which was founded in 1919, paid considerably attention to the national movements in Korea and China in order to promote the revolutionary movement in East Asia. The Korea and Chinese exchange students who had formed the New Asian Alliance Party received funding from the Comintern and founded communist organizations. On the other hand, the Taiwanese exchange students who had participated in the New Asian Alliance Party also received funds from Comintern and attempt to form the Taiwanese Communist Party. The exchange students who had joined the New Asian Alliance Party then travelled to Shanghai in 1921 where they were reunited under the communist banner. Thereafter, throughout the 1920s they continued their interchanges maintaining communism as their ideal. The international cooperation between the peoples of Korea, Taiwan, and China that had begun in this manner in Tokyo in 1915 with the goal of liberating Asia from the Japanese invasion was transformed into an international cooperation guided by the shared ideal of communism amidst changes in the international situation in the form of the creation of the Comintern, and its center shifted from Tokyo to Shanghai, the new center of the East Asian revolutionary movement.