<論説>近世上方幕府直轄都市と譜代藩 (特集 : 都市)

Abstract

本稿は、近世上方における幕府直轄都市と譜代藩の関係に注目しつつ、当該地域の支配構造の特質およびその歴史的展開を明らかにしようとするものである。一七世紀において上方は西国有事に備える軍事拠点として位置づけられ、これを担う譜代大名が重点的に配遣されていた。幕府直轄都市と譜代藩の城下町は連動して機能し、またそこに配置された譜代大名が協働することで西国有事に備えていたのである。一七世紀末―一八世紀初頭に幕府が従来の軍事戦略を転換させ上方の位置づけを変えたことによって、地域差が解消され均質化が進められながら、当該地域を含めて全国支配の再編が行われることになった。この結果、譜代大名の転封は激減しその城下町は政治・経済の拠点として全国各地で定着していき、また上方では幕府の支配だけでなく、藩が一定程度の独自性を持ちながら個別領主支配を行う二元的支配が展開することになった。

This article focuses on the relationship between cities under direct shogunal (bakufu) jurisdiction and the hereditarily allied fudai domains in the Kamigata region in an attempt to clarify the character of the ruling structure of the Kamigata region and its historical development. In the 17th century the Kamigata region played the role of a key military point in the event of an emergency in the western provinces, and the fudai lords were assigned to important points to uphold the system. The cities under direct bakufu jurisdiction and the castle towns of the fudai lords functioned in a coordinated fashion, and the fudai lords stationed in the region assisted in preparation for emergency action in the western provinces. However, from the end of the 17th century through the beginning of the 18th the bakufu altered its previously held military strategy, reorganizing its rule throughout the nation, including the Kamigata region. As a result the castle towns of the fudai domains that had strongly held the character of military and supply bases came to be political and economic strong points. Furthermore in the Kamigata region the dual system of rule, i.e., that of the Edobakufu and that of each local domain or individual lord, began to develop.