<研究ノート>荘園景観の文化財化をめぐる価値づけと地域住民 : 重要文化的景観「日根荘大木の農村景観」を事例に

Abstract

In 2005, the Japanese government expanded its list of cultural properties to include cultural landscapes (bunkateki keikan 文化的景観). Medieval manors in particular were evaluated and selected for conservation based on their historical significance. Human geographers have pointed out that evaluations on the basis of heritage are often limited to or exclude specific periods of history. For example, manorial-landscape evaluations tend to focus primarily on the era in which the manor was functional rather than the present, and neglect how the landscape has been transformed over time. Accordingly, spatial-scale evaluation is also necessary to understand how local residents perceive a cultural landscape and participate in its formation and conservation. Inasmuch as residents'perceptions do not necessarily coincide with the official evaluation, conservation would hinge on both largescale assessment and local-scale considerations. Given the perspective described above, the evaluation of manorial cultural landscapes must be executed in connection with historical views as well as spatial issues. Hence, this paper considers the inherent problems in conservation as a result of conflict between historical evaluation and current local understandings of manorial landscapes. The study area, Ōgi 大木 district, Izumisano City, Osaka Prefecture, was home to the medieval manor Hineno-shō 日根荘, owned by the Kujō family, and it was designated a national historic site in 1998. Later, in 2013, Ōgi district was registered as "The Rural Landscape of Hineno-shō Ōgi" (nōson keikan 農村景観). The findings are summarized as follows: First, there is a gap between the historical evaluation and the residents'consciousness regarding the history represented by the landscape of the Ōgi district. The former emphasizes the landscape's connection with the period of the functioning of Hineno-shō and ignores other periods, whereas the latter dismisses the landscape's relation to one particular time period, and focuses on it a more ambiguous unspecified past. Furthermore, efforts to strengthen the historical value of the area by unifying the cultural landscape with the national historic site can be seen in Izumisano's official actions. In contrast, the activities of local residents do not demonstrate the same appreciation for the landscape's history. In other words, the different evaluations applied in accordance with each position are manifest in the disparate claims of the two groups. Under the circumstances, most residents have a positive view of the registration and conservation of the landscape as a cultural property. Such an acceptance, however, is formulated with the understanding that historical evaluations and residents'perceptions are not in accord. There is a possibility that conflict in the Ōgi district over conservation and utilization of the landscape will arise as residents gradually acknowledge the historical significance of Hineno-shō. This study illustrates the difficulty in reaching consensus due to discordant views regarding conservation and utilization of manorial cultural landscapes.