日本語文末詞の用法記述のための発話の類型の提案 : 演述型(assertives)の発話行為をなす発話を例に

Abstract

本稿は、日本語の文末詞の意味/用法を記述するための基礎的枠組みを提案することを目的とする。日本語の文末詞は、個々の文末詞それぞれが多様な文脈において使用可能であることから、十全な記述を与えることが難しい。本稿では、その「多様な文脈」を複数の観点からパターン分けすることで、個々の文末詞の記述の指針となりうる枠組みを提示し、その枠組みを実際の文末詞記述に応用することで、その有用性を示す。

The aim of this study is to propose an onomasiological framework for describing the meaning of the Japanese sentence-final particles. In the previous studies, each particle has been described in isolation, which results in the absence of the way to compare their functions. This study adopts an onomasiological approach to establish the framework where the functions of different particles can be compared adequately. This paper focuses on the functions of assrtion that can be conveyed by sentence-final particles, and classifies them into eight patterns by the factors as follows: (i) speaker's given/new information, (ii) hearer's given/new information, (iii) evidentiality, and (iv) turn-taking. It is shown that the meanings of these particles can be described as a set of these functions. The functions in this framework are based on the speech situations independently of any particular particles; therefore this framework can be applied not only to particles in different languages or dialects, but also to typological comparison of sentence-final expressions.