日本と中国の大規模建築プロジェクトにおける品質確保のしくみの比較分析

Abstract

There are a number of international building construction projects operated by Chinese and Japanese stakeholders in China as many of Japanese contractors and developers come to Chinese market in recent years. Quality assurance is an important issue for both Chinese and Japanese construction projects. In China, many accidents have taken place concerning construction projects. As for Japan, though it is assumed to be the highest level in quality assurance, still some severe faults have been found because of its system fatigue. In this paper, the authors compared the quality assurance systems between China and Japan by analysis of three large scale building projects operated by Chinese and Japanese stakeholders and located in China and Japan. Organization, procurement, contract, and communication management in the three projects are benchmarked one another. As a result, the characteristics of the quality assurance system in China and Japan are explained through design document, supervision, nominated subcontracts and relationship between general contractors and subcontractors. The quality assurance systems in Japan: 1. In building construction project in Japan, the parties trust each other by long-term working relationships. 2. The ability of general contractors is excellent. Moreover, the cooperation associations of general contractors, which are thought as peculiar organizations in Japan, have improved the ability of general contractors. 3. The site conference system makes employees have better communication, which improves the ability of the employees. 4. Long-term employment system, which cultivated the quality assurance system. The quality assurance system in China: 1. In China, the parties cannot trust each other unlike in Japan. So the clients have to participate in the project as much as possible. 2. The authorities and the responsibilities of Chinese supervisors and clients are not classified definitely. Therefore, the Chinese supervisors cannot show their ability clearly. 3. The site conference system cannot make employees have better communication. 4. There is no long-term employment system in China, which makes the quality assurance system instability. In the future study, the authors will carry out some analysis on which elements can influence the quality assurance system from construction management.