明治・大正期の電気軌道敷設と都市基盤形成 --1900-1920年開業の地方16都市を対象として--

Abstract

本研究は，1900-1920年に電気軌道が開業した地方16都市を対象として，都市構造，事業形態，経営戦略の視点より路線選定の意図および特徴を分析し，電気軌道敷設による都市基盤形成の特質を明らかにした．成果は以下の通りである．1）路線選定について，沿線施設の特徴や市外線の有無より「市内完結」，「市域外遊覧地接続」，「都鄙連絡」の3傾向があったことを示した．2）電気軌道の輸送規模は各都市の人口と強く関係し，人口9万以上の都市では市内で完結し，人口8万以下では市外線が設けられたことを示した．3）民間資本による経営戦略を背景に，各都市の第一期計画路線は，鉄道や港等の交通拠点，官庁施設や中心市街地，娯楽施設を一本もしくは複数本で効率よく接続する選定がされたことを示した．This study aims to show the characteristic of urban construction and development of electric tramway analyzing by each management strategy, business content, and urban structure. In particular, this study has focused on the case of 16 local cities in 1900-1920. The results are as follows. At first, selection of route has turned out that there are three certain tendencies, the types of completed line in the city, connecting to suburban tourist resort and connecting to the suburban-rural area. At second, the scale of conveyance is strongly related to the population of each city. Specifically, the population of the city more than 90, 000 has only city line. On the other hand, thepopulation of the city less than 80, 000 has city line and suburbs line. At third, in the background of the business strategy by private capital, the first planned route of each city was selected to efficiently connect to transportation bases such as railways and ports, government facilities, central urban area, and entertainment facilities with one or more. Thus, this study shows that the development of electric tramway formed the urban frame of the local city in 1900-1920.