大定和議期における金・南宋閒の國書について

Abstract

This paper deals chiefly with the guoshu documents exchanged by the Jin dynasty and the Southern Song in the Dading treaty period. The history of the relation between the Jin dynasty and the Southern Song can be described as the repetition of the conclusion and cancellation of several treaties. Regarding these treaties, this paper focuses on the period after the Dading treaty, especially on the guoshu documents exchamged between the Jin and the Southern Song in this period. In the first section, I examine the two points that serve as the foundation for the argument in the second section. First, I examine the diplomatic documents exchanged between the emperors of the Jin dynasty and the Southern Song in the period from the cancellation of the Huangtong 皇統 treaty to the conclusion of the Dading treaty. After that, I examine the arguments on the form of the diplomatic documents issued in the name of the Southern Song emperor by the Southern Song court and sent to the Jin emperor before the conclusion of the Dading treaty. In the second section, I examine the principal focus of this paper, the guoshu documents exchanged by the Jin dynasty and the Southern Song in the Dading treaty period. First, I examine whether the opening fixed phrase of the guoshu documents of the Southern Song for the Jin dynasty in the Dading treaty period used the expression zhishu 致書 or fengshu 奉書. After that, I examine the difference of the number of the phrases of the guoshu documents sent from the Jin dynasty to the Southern Song and the Southern Song to the Jin dynasty during the Dading treaty period. In the last section, I examine the word "shangguo" 上國. The word "shangguo, " meaning superior kingdom, was the word used by the Southern Song as the appellation for the Jin dynasty during the Huangtong treaty period, when the Southern Song emperor adopted the role of subject toward the Jin emperor. In this section, I confirm the fact that the word "shangguo" continued to be used in the Dading treaty period also. Through these examinations, I conclude that although it is often said that the relationship between the Jin dynasty and the Southern Song during the Dading treaty period was formally that of nearly equals, in fact, the position of the Jin dynasty was superior to that of the Southern Song in many more respects than previously imagined.