『丈量保簿』と『歸戶親供册』から --萬曆年閒、徽州府休寧縣二七都五圖の事產所有狀況--

Abstract

Four volumes of the Duplicates of the Household Register of 27 Du 5 Tu of Xiuning Prefecture during the Wanli Era 萬曆休寧縣27都5圖黃册底籍 (No. 2 : 24527) in the Anhui Museum are the only historical materials that show the entire contents of the "One Li (Tu)" 一里=圖 in the household registers for taxation and labor service, fuyi huangce 賦役黃册, during the Ming period. There exists, however, a yulince 魚鱗册 (Fish-scale record) of 27 Du 5 Tu 27都5圖 in Xiuning Prefecture that is based on the land survey (zhangliang 丈量) of the 9th year of the Wanli era (1581). This document is actually one volume of the Marked Register of the Land Survey of 27 Du 5 Tu in Xiuning Prefecture in the Ninth Year of the Wanli Era in the Ming Period 明萬曆9年休寧縣27都5圖得字丈量保簿 (線譜 No. 563585 : hereafter, Dezi zhangliang baobo). It consists of 442 leaves and shows information on the lands from Dezi No. 9 to No. 3544. It is estimated that 84% of the original Dezi zhangliang baobo is extant, and the large quantity of yulince of the land survey done by Zhang Juzheng 張居正 is noteworthy. The Dezi zhangliang baobo was published in a printed edition like other yulince of Xiuning Prefecture made by survey of 1581. Based upon a consideration of the reason why the yulince was published in Xiuning Prefecture and the relation of the Guihuqingongce of 27 Du 5 Tu in Qingzhang in the Wanli Era 萬曆9年淸丈27都5圖歸戶親供册 in the Anhui Museum (No. 2 : 24582 : hereafter, Guihuqingongce), which records the complete information on the land ownership of all the people of 27 Du 5 Tu in Xiuning Prefecture, and the Dezi zhangliang baobo, I examine the contents of the Guihuqingongce 歸戶親供册 and the Dezi zhangliang baobo regarding the distribution of land ownership in the huangce of 27 Du 5 Tu in Xiuning Prefecture of Huizhou in the Wanli era. My analysis makes it clear that the people of 27 Du 5 Tu possessed over 90% of the lands within 27 Du and that almost all of those who owned the lands of 27 Du 5 Tu were people that lived either within 27 Du or their neighboring Du. This distribution of land ownership, thus, supports the understanding that until the dissolution of Lijia 里甲 system, the Du 都 (in the case of the Jiangnan Delta, the Qu 區 based on Du) was the zone of life for ordinary people.